Am J Clin Nutr. 2026 Apr 16:101318. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101318. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Infant gut microbiota colonization is important for supporting normal development and long-term health of children. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) influence the composition of the gut microbiota, but their specific effects, particularly after breastfeeding, remain poorly…

